Iraq

The Republic of Iraq is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. Baghdad, the capital city, lies along the Tigris River and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

With a population of approximately 44 million people, Iraq’s diverse society includes Arabs, Kurds, Turkmen, Assyrians, and other ethnic groups. Iraq is a federal state operating on Arabian Standard Time (GMT+3).

Iraq’s cuisine reflects centuries of cultural exchange and its roots as part of ancient Mesopotamia. Staple dishes include the national dish masgouf, a grilled fish delicacy, and qouzi, slow-cooked lamb served over spiced rice. Kubba, a dish of meat-stuffed dumplings, is a local favourite, and desserts such as kleicha (date-filled pastries) are commonly enjoyed during celebrations.

While vineyards once thrived in the region, Iraq’s winemaking traditions are now limited. Non-alcoholic options such as tea and freshly pressed juices are widely popular.

Iraq offers extraordinary opportunities for exploring archaeology and history. The ancient city of Babylon, with its impressive Ishtar Gate, highlights Mesopotamian civilization. In the south, the Ziggurat of Ur showcases Sumerian ingenuity.

Nature enthusiasts can explore the marshlands of southern Iraq, known as the “Garden of Eden,” a UNESCO World Heritage Site rich in biodiversity and ideal for birdwatching and boating. The northern Kurdish region features stunning mountains that are perfect for hiking and outdoor activities.

Iraq's geography features diverse landscapes, including the fertile plains of Mesopotamia, arid western deserts, and rugged northern mountains. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers are crucial for agriculture and ecology. The Mesopotamian Marshes host various wildlife, while the mountains in Iraqi Kurdistan offer a cooler climate and scenic views.

Iraq's festivals are closely linked to its religious and cultural heritage. Key celebrations include Nowruz, marking the Kurdish New Year with music and feasting; Arbaeen, a significant pilgrimage to Karbala for Shia Muslims to honour Imam Hussein; and Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, where families gather for prayer and festivities. The northern region features cultural festivals that highlight Kurdish traditions, including folk music and dancing.

Travellers should ensure they are vaccinated against hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, and tetanus. Rabies vaccinations may be necessary for those venturing into remote areas. Staying hydrated and protecting against sun exposure is essential. Bottled water is recommended for drinking, and travellers should avoid raw or undercooked food.

The official currency of Iraq is the Iraqi dinar (IQD).

Iraq uses plug types C and D, with a standard voltage of 230V and a frequency of 50Hz.

Transportation in Iraq varies depending on the region. In Iraqi Kurdistan, shared taxis are the safest and the most common way you can travel. While on any trip, always be your best self. Move around with your visa and passport in case you encounter military checkpoints. 

Trains are also considered safe due to extensive security checks but can be slower than a taxi.

Arabic is the primary language spoken across Iraq, while Kurdish is widely used in the northern Kurdish region. English is spoken by some people in urban areas, particularly among younger generations and those in the tourism or hospitality industry.

Iraqis are known for their transparency and sincerity. Do not say anything you don’t mean. Avoid saying anything that can be construed as offensive and judgemental. Try as much as possible to avoid conversations around religion and politics.

• Spring (March to May): Spring is one of the most pleasant times to visit Iraq, with mild temperatures and blooming landscapes in the Kurdish region and the marshlands.

• Summer (June to August): Summers are extremely hot, particularly in the south, where temperatures can soar above 50°C. Travel is best avoided during this time.

• Autumn (September to November): Cooler temperatures make autumn an excellent time to explore historical sites and northern regions.

• Winter (December to February): Winters are mild in the south and central regions, while the northern mountains experience snow, making it a picturesque time for those visiting Kurdistan.

Iraq can be a budget-friendly destination for those who plan. For budget travellers, a daily expenditure of $30 to $50 in rural areas typically covers basic accommodation and meals. In urban centres or the Kurdish region, mid-range travellers should expect to spend between $70 and $150 per day, which allows for comfortable lodging, transportation and meals  While luxury options are somewhat limited, cities like Erbil do offer high-end hotels and exclusive experiences for those willing to spend upwards of $200 a day.

Israeli and Bangladesh nationals are not allowed entry to Iraq.

• Explore the ruins of Babylon to witness remnants of one of the world’s earliest civilisations.

• Visit Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements.

• Exercise caution and plan trips through reputable tour operators familiar with local conditions.