Iraq Iran

Iran, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, covers an area of 1.65 million square kilometers, making it the 18th largest country in the world. The capital city is Tehran, a bustling metropolis that serves as the political, cultural, and economic heart of the nation. The population is approximately 83 million, predominantly Persian-speaking, with Farsi being the official language. The country is divided into 31 provinces, each with its unique character. While Iran has a reputation as a conservative nation, it is also a place of great warmth and hospitality. Visitors often find themselves pleasantly surprised by the kindness and generosity of the Iranian people.

Iranian cuisine is known for its bold flavours and use of fresh ingredients. Traditional dishes include kebabs, stews, and an array of rice dishes, often accompanied by herbs and spices. Popular meals are Chelo Kebab, Ghormeh Sabzi, and Fesenjan. Due to Islamic law, alcoholic beverages are prohibited; however, the country offers a variety of delicious non-alcoholic drinks, such as Doogh (a yoghurt-based beverage) and various herbal teas. Sweets and pastries, including Baklava and Saffron ice cream, are also an integral part of Iranian gastronomy.

Iran's diverse landscape provides ample opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts. Trekking and mountain climbing are popular in the Alborz and Zagros mountain ranges, with Mount Damavand being a favourite for climbers. Skiing can be enjoyed at resorts like Dizin and Shemshak. The Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea coastlines offer water sports, including swimming, boating, and fishing. Desert excursions, particularly in the Dasht-e Kavir, are ideal for those seeking adventure, offering camel rides and camping under star-lit skies.

Iran's natural beauty is captivating, with varied ecosystems and stunning landscapes. The Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests in the north are lush and verdant, contrasting with the vast central deserts. The country is home to several national parks and protected areas, such as Golestan National Park and Lar National Park, which preserve its rich biodiversity. The mangrove forests of Qeshm Island and the salt flats of Dasht-e Kavir are unique natural wonders. Iran's varied climate, ranging from subtropical to arid, supports a wide range of flora and fauna. Wildlife enthusiasts may also encounter rare species such as the Persian leopard and the Asiatic cheetah.

Iran celebrates numerous festivals and events throughout the year, reflecting its rich cultural heritage. Nowruz, the Persian New Year, marks the arrival of spring and is the most significant celebration, involving family gatherings, feasts, and traditional rituals. Other notable events include the Fajr International Film Festival, which showcases Iranian and international cinema, and the Shiraz Arts Festival, which features music, dance, and theatre. Religious observances such as Ramadan and Muharram are deeply rooted in the country's traditions, with various ceremonies and public events.

Standard vaccinations are recommended for most international travellers and are generally advised in Iran to ensure a safe and enjoyable visit. It is recommended that vaccinations be up to date, including those for Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Typhoid. Tap water is generally not safe to drink; bottled water is widely available and advisable. Travellers should be aware of the intense summer heat and take measures to stay hydrated and protected from the sun. Medical facilities in major cities are adequate, but it is advisable to carry a basic first aid kit and any necessary medications.

The Iranian Rial (IRR) is the official currency. Due to sanctions, international credit and debit cards are not widely accepted, so travellers should carry sufficient cash. Currency exchange is available at airports, hotels, and authorised exchange offices. It is convenient to carry smaller denominations.

Iran uses a 220-volt power supply with a frequency of 50 Hz. The common plug types are C and F, which have two round pins. Travellers from countries with different plug types and voltages should carry a suitable adapter and voltage converter if necessary.

Iran offers various transportation options, making travel within the country convenient. Domestic flights connect major cities and are a quick way to cover long distances. The rail network is extensive, with comfortable trains linking cities like Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. Buses are a popular and affordable means of travel, with services ranging from basic to luxury. Taxis and ride-sharing services are widely available in urban areas, and renting a car can be an option for those who prefer to drive.

Farsi (Persian) is the official language of Iran. While English is not widely spoken, it is understood to some extent in major cities and tourist areas. Learning a few basic phrases in Farsi can greatly enhance your travel experience and help in everyday interactions. Most signs in cities are bilingual, featuring both Farsi and English, which can aid navigation.

Respecting local customs and etiquette is important when visiting Iran. Modest dress is required, with women needing to cover their hair with a headscarf and wear loose-fitting clothing. Men should avoid wearing shorts. Public displays of affection are frowned upon, and it is polite to use both hands or the right hand when giving and receiving items. Hospitality is a significant part of Iranian culture, and you may often be invited to people's homes; it is customary to bring a small gift as a token of appreciation.

• Spring (March to May): Spring is undoubtedly the most popular time to visit Iran. The country transforms into a vibrant tapestry of blooming flowers and lush greenery, and pleasant temperatures make outdoor activities enjoyable.
  

• Summer (June to August): Summers in Iran can be hot and dry, especially in the central plateau. While temperatures are milder in coastal regions, the humidity can be high. This is generally considered the low season for tourism.

• Autumn (September to November): Autumn is a delightful season in Iran. The weather is mild, and the countryside is painted in golden hues. This is a great time for hiking and exploring historical sites.

• Winter (December to February): Winters in Iran vary significantly depending on the region. The northern parts experience snowfall, making it ideal for skiing and snowboarding. In the south, the weather remains mild.

Iran is generally considered an affordable travel destination. Costs can vary depending on your travel style, accommodation choices, and the cities you visit. Budget travellers can enjoy a comfortable trip on a relatively low budget, while those seeking luxury accommodations and high-end experiences will naturally spend more. Food, transportation, and entry fees to attractions are generally inexpensive.

Entry and transit are not allowed for Israeli nationals.

To make the most of your trip, consider hiring a local guide, especially if you are interested in exploring beyond the major tourist destinations. Engaging with the local people is a highlight of any visit to Iran. Be prepared for cultural differences, and dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. With its rich history, stunning landscapes, and warm hospitality, Iran offers an unforgettable travel experience.